Этан Цукерман - Новые соединения. Цифровые космополиты в коммуникативную эпоху

115

Ibid.

Карта Мародеров – магический предмет из книг о Гарри Поттере, особая карта, которая показывает местоположение любого посетителя Хогвартса. – Примеч. пер.

Пер. Н. Брагинской. – Примеч. пер.

Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and James M. Cook, “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks”, Annual Review of Sociology, no. 27 (2001): 415–444, http://aris.ss.uci.edu/~lin/52.pdf

Christian Jarrett, “We Sit Near People Who Look like Us”, BPS Research Digest (blog), July 18, 2011, http://bps-research-digest.blogspot.com/2011/07/we-sit-near-people-who-look-like-us.html

Наиболее сильные признаки гемофильности проявили ученики одной из самых элитарных частных школ Америки, что дает обильную пищу для разного рода теорий относительно американского правящего класса.

George Simmel, The Sociology of Georg Simmel, trans. and ed. Kurt H. Wolff (Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1950).

Andreas Wimmer and Kevin Lewis, “Beyond and Below Racial Homophily: ERG Models of a Friendship Network Documented on Facebook”, American Journal of Sociology 116, no. 2 (September 2010): 583–642, http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/wimmer/WimmerLewis.pdf

Robert F. Worth, “In New York Tickets, Ghana Sees Orderly City”, New York Times, July 22, 2002, http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/22/nyregion/in-new-york-tickets-ghana-sees-orderly-city.html. По горькой иронии, результатом статьи в New York Times, где рассказывалось о роли Ганы в парковочной системе Нью-Йорка, стала жесткая критика решения отдать эту деятельность на аутсорсинг, и контракт с ганскими работниками продлен не был.

“Op-Ed: An African Success Story”, New York Times, January 8, 2001, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/08/opinion/an-african-success-story.html

Peter Boyer, “Famine in Ethiopia”, Washington Journalism Review, January 1985, pp. 18–21.

William C. Adams, “Whose Lives Count? TV Coverage of Natural Disasters”, Journal of Communication 36 (Spring 1986): 113–22, http://www.gwu.edu/~pad/202/readings/disasters.html

Экономический крен в американских новостях может в ближайшее время усилиться, поскольку агентство Bloomberg и Wall Street Journal расширяют свои зарубежные офисы, в то время как большинство новостных бюро постепенно снижают свое заграничное присутствие.

Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, “The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media”, Public Opinion Quarterly 36, no. 2 (Summer 1972): 176–87.

Ted Rall, “How the U. S. Media Marginalizes Dissent”, Al Jazeera, August 4, 2011, http://english.aljazeera.net/ indepth/opinion/2011/08 /20118164314283633.html

Jay Rosen, “Audience Atomization Overcome: Why the Internet Weakens the Authority of the Press”, PressThink (blog), January 12, 2009, http://archive.pressthink.org/2009/01/12/atomization.html

Chris Roberts, “Gatekeeping Theory: An Evolution” (paper presented at Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, San Antonio, TX, August 2005), http://www.chrisrob.com/about/gatekeeping.pdf

Pamela Shoemaker and Tim P. Vos, Gatekeeping Theory (New York: Routledge, 2009), p. 16.

Dan Berkowitz, ed., Social Meanings of News (London: SAGE, 1997), p. 9.

MacBride commission, Many Voices, One World: Toward a New, More Just, and More Efficient World Information and Communication Order (Paris: UNESCO, 1980), p. 270.

Ibid., p. 263, rec. 47.

Ken Doctor, “The Newsonomics of WaPo’s reader dashboard 1.0”, Nieman Journalism Lab, April 7, 2011, http://www.niemanlab.org/2011/04/the-newsonomics-of-wapos-reader-dashboard-1–0

Michael Shapiro, “Six Degrees of Aggregation: How the Huffington Post Ate the Internet”, Columbia Journalism Review, May/June 2012, http://www.cjr.org/cover_story/six_degrees_of_aggregation.php?page=all; “Google Analytics and Google Apps Help The Huffington Post Keep Its Edge”, http://www.google.com/analytics/customers/case_study_huffngton_post.html

William Safire, Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre-Watergate White House (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2005), p. 392.

Diana Saluri Russo, “Is the Foreign News Bureau Part of the Past?”, Global Journalist, January 30, 2010, http://www.globaljournalist.org/stories/2010/01/30/is-the-foreign-news-bureau-part-of-the-past/

Jodi Enda, “Retreating from the World”, American Journalism Review, December/January 2011, http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=4985

“The Wall Street Journal under Rupert Murdoch”, Journalism.org, July 20, 2011, http://www.journalism.org/commentary_backgrounder/wall_street_journal_under_rupert_murdoch

Я спросил ведущего аналитика New York Times, не мог бы он поделиться сведениями о просмотрах международных материалов в сравнении с трафиком на местные новости. Он отказал вежливо, но твердо, пояснив, что издание не выдает такие сведения даже рекламодателям.

Elizabeth A. Thomson, “Freshman Publishing Experiment Offers Made-to-Order Newspapers”, MITnews, March 9, 1994, http://web.mit.edu/newsoffce/1994/newspaper-0309.html

Cass R. Sunstein, Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 188.

Eric Lawrence, John Side, and Henry Farrell, “Self-Segregation or Deliberation? Blog Readership, Participation, and Polarization in American Politics”, Department of Political Science, George Washington University, March 10, 2009, http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/cces/fles/ Lawrence_Sides_Farrell_Self-Segregation_or_Deliberation.pdf

Natalie Glance and Lada Adamic, “The Political Blogosphere and the 2004 U. S. Election: Divided They Blog”, Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Link Discovery (2005): 36–43.

Eszter Hargittai et al., “Cross-ideological Discussions among Conservative and Liberal Bloggers”, Public Choice 134 (2008): 67–86.

John Horrigan, Kelly Garrett, and Paul Resnick, “The Internet and Democratic Debate”, Pew Internet and American Life Project, October 27, 2004, http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2004/The-Internet-and-Democratic-Debate.aspx

Mark Glaser, “Social Media Grows at NY Times, But Home Page Remains King”, MediaShift, January 13, 2011, http://www.pbs.org/media shift/2011/01 /social-media-grows-at-any-times-but-home-page-remains-king 013.html

Brian Stelter, “Finding Political News Online, the Young Pass It On”, New York Times, March 27, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/us/politics/27voters.html?_r=1

Dee T. Allsop, Bryce R. Bassett, and James A. Hoskins, “Word-of-Mouth Research: Principles and Applications”, Journal of Advertising Research, December 2007, pp. 398–410.

Stelter, “Finding Political News Online”.

Kenny Olmstead, Amy Mitchell, and Tom Rosenstiel, “Where People Go, How They Get There, and What Lures Them Away”, Pew Research Center’s Project for Excellence in Journalism, May 9, 2011, http://www.journalism.org/node/25008

Alexis Madrigal, “Dark Social: We Have the Whole History of the Web Wrong”, Atlantic, October 12, 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/10/dark-social-we-have-the-whole-history-of-the-web-wrong/263523

Justin Osofsky, “Making News and Entertainment More Social in 2011”, Facebook Developer Blog, December 28, 2010, http://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/443/

Tanya Cordrey, “Tanya Cordrey’s Speech at the Guardian Changing Media Summit”, Guardian, March 21, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/gnm-press-offce/changing-media-summit-tanya-cordrey

“What Americans Do Online: Social Media and Games Dominate Activity”, Nielsen Wire (blog), August 2, 2010, http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/what-americans-do-online-social-media-and-games-dominate-activity/; “Social Networking Accounts for 1 of Every 5 Minutes Spent Online in Australia”, comScore, Inc., February 18, 2011, http://www.comscore.com/layout/set/popup/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2011/2/Social_Networking_Accounts_for_1_of_Every_5_Minutes – Spent_Online_in_Australia

Matt Carmichael and E. J. Schultz, “Millennial Grocery Shopping Habits and Marketing Trends”, AdAge Blogs, June 29, 2011, http://adage.com/article/adagestat/millennial-grocery-shopping-habits-marketing-trends/228480/

Jason Kincaid, “The Secret Sauce That Makes Facebook’s News Feed Tick”, TechCrunch, April 22, 2010, http://techcrunch.com/2010/04/22/facebook-edgerank/

Eli Pariser, The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You (New York: Penguin Press, 2011), p. 5.

Barry Schwartz, “Duck! Google’s Cutts Responds to Search Filter Bubbles”, Search Engine Roundtable, June 21, 2011, http://www.seroundtable.com/google-search-bubble-response-13591.html

Bill Bishop, “The Big Sort Maps”, The Big Sort, http://www.thebig_sort.com/maps.php

Keith N. Hampton, Lauren Sessions Goulet, Lee Rainie, and Kristen Purcell, “Social Networking Sites and Our Lives”, Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project, June 16, 2011, http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2011/PIP%20-%20Social%20networking%20sites%20and%20our%20lives.pdf

Garry Blight, Sheila Pulham, and Paul Torpey, “Arab Spring: An Interactive Timeline of Middle East Protests”, Guardian, January 5, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ world/interactive/2011/mar/22/middle-east-protest-interactive-timeline

Ethan Zuckerman, “What Bloggers Amplify from the BBC”, my heart’s in accra, January 28, 2005, http://www.ethanzuckerman.com/blog/2005/01/28/what-bloggers-amplify-from-the-bbc/; “New York Times Headlines in Blogs, Seen by Technorati”, http://gapdev.law.harvard.edu/results/20050128/nytheadlines.html

Jonah Berger and Katherine L. Milkman, “What Makes Online Content Viral?”, Journal of Marketing Research 49, no. 2 (2012): 192–205, http://www.journals.marketingpower.com/doi/abs/10.1509/jmr.10.0353

Paul Butler, “Visualizing Friendships”, Facebook’s Engineering Posts, December 13, 2010, https://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-engineering/visualizing-friendships/469716398919 Не менее самой карты поражает отсутствие на ней значительной части Азии. В Китае Facebook заблокирован, а в Южной Корее и Японии сеть развивается с большим трудом.

Johan Ugander, Brian Karrer, Lars Backstrom, and Cameron Marlow, “The Anatomy of the Facebook Social Graph”, November 18, 2011, http://arxiv.org/pdf/1111.4503v1.pdf В ходе обсуждения с авторами работы выяснилось, что показатели по Канаде завышены из-за неправильного подсчета пользователей фейсбука, которые заходят туда через устройства Blackberry, поэтому более реалистичной оценкой международных Facebook-связей следует считать 13,3 %.

“Stories”, http://www.facebookstories.com/stories/1574/interactive-mapping-the-world-s-friendships#color=continent&story=1&country=US

Из личной переписки по электронной почте, 10 октября 2012 года.

“Манифест Global Voices”, http://ru.globalvoicesonline.org/about/manifest/

Mahmood Nasser Al-Yousif, “About”, Mahmood’s Den, http://mahmood.tv/about/

Jennifer Preston, “When Unrest Stirs, Bloggers Are Already in Place”, New York Times, March 13, 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/14/business /media/14voices.html

“Jay Walker on the World’s English Mania”, TED talk, February 2009, http://www.ted.com/talks/jay_walker_on_the_world_s_english_mania.html

Edward T. O’Neill, Brian F. Lavoie, and Rick Bennett, “Trends in the Evolution of the Public Web”, D-Lib Magazine 9, no. 4, April 2003, http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april03/lavoie/04lavoie.html

Ted Smalley Bowen, “English Could Snowball on the Net”, Technology Research News, November 21, 2001, http://www.trnmag.com/Stories/2001/112101/English_could_snowball_on_Net_112101.html; Neil Gandal and Carl Shapiro, “The Effect of Native Language on Inter-net Usage”, November 12, 2001, http://econ.tau.ac.il/papers/applied/language.pdf