Карен Армстронг - Поля крови. Религия и история насилия

1065

Ibid., 2, pp. 334–60

John H. Kautsky, The Politics of the Aristocratic Empire, 2nd ed. (New Brunswick and London, 1997), p. 146

Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State (London, 1974), p. 505

Fernandez-Armesto, 1492, pp. 2–4

Timothy H. Parsons, The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why They Always Fail (Oxford, 2010), p. 117; Peter Jay, Road to Riches or The Wealth of Man (London, 2000), p. 147.

Jay, Road to Riches, p. 151

Ibid., pp. 152–53

Henry Kamen, Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492–1763 (New York, 2003), p. 83

Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States: From 1492 to the Present, 2nd ed. (New York, 1996), p. 11 (Говард Зинн. Народная история США. – М.: Весь мир, 2006.)

Massimo Livi-Bacci, A Concise History of World Population (Oxford, 1997), pp. 56–59 (Ливи-Баччи М. Демографическая история Европы. – Рязань: Александрия, 2010.)

Parsons, Rule of Empires, p. 121

Ibid., p. 117

Jay, Road to Riches, p. 150

Mark Levene, Genocide in the Age of the Nation-State: The Rise of the West and the Coming of Genocide (London and New York, 2005), pp. 15–29

Каэтан, На «Вторую часть второй части» Аквината, вопрос 66, пункт 8; см.: Richard Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford, 1999), p. 70

Francisco de Vitoria, Political Writings, ed. Anthony Pagden and Jeremy Lawrence (Cambridge, 1991), pp. 225–26

Thomas More, Utopia, ed. George M. Logan and Robert M. Adams (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 89–90. [Перевод А. Малеина и Ф. Петровского. Здесь и далее Цит. по: Мор Т. Утопия. – М.: Издательство Академии наук СССР, 1953. – Прим. пер.]

Ibid., p. 58

Ibid.

Tuck, Rights of War and Peace, p. 15. Макс Вебер высказывал аналогичную мысль в 1906 году; см.: H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills, trans. and ed., From Max Weber (London, 1948), pp. 71–72

Отрывок из Тацита цитируется в сочинении Джентили «О праве войны»; см.: Gentili, The Rights of War and Peace, in Three Books (London, 1738), 2.2.17; Tuck, Rights of War and Peace, pp. 47–48

Аристотель, Политика, 1256; см.: Richard McKeon, ed., The Basic Works of Aristotle (New York, 1941). [Перевод С. Жебелева. Цит. по: Аристотель. Сочинения: в 4 томах. Том 4. – М.: Мысль, 1983. – Прим. пер.]

Henry Kamen, The Spanish Inquisition: An Historical Revision (London, 1997), pp. 45, 68, 137

Paul Johnson, A History of the Jews (London, 1987), pp. 225–29.

Haim Beinart, Conversos on Trial: The Inquisition in Ciudad Real (Jerusalem, 1981), pp. 3–6

Norman Roth, Conversos, Inquisition and the Expulsion of Jews from Spain (Madison, 1995), pp. 283–84.

Ibid., p. 19

Fernández-Armesto, 1492, pp. 94–96

Johnson, History of the Jews, p. 229; Yirmiyahu Yovel, Spinoza and Other Heretics: I. The Marrano of Reason (Princeton, NJ, 1989), pp. 17–18

Johnson, History of the Jews, pp. 225–29

Kamen, Spanish Inquisition, pp. 57–59; William Monter, Frontiers of Heresy: The Spanish Inquisition from the Basque Lands to Sicily (Cambridge, UK, 1990), p. 53

Kamen, Spanish Inquisition, p. 69

Robin Briggs, ‘Embattled Faiths: Religion and Natural Philosophy’, in Euan Cameron, ed., Early Modern Europe: An Oxford History (Oxford, 1999), pp. 197–205

Jay, Road to Riches, pp. 160–63

Henri Pirenne, Medieval Cities: Their Origins and the Revival of Trade (Princeton, 1946), pp. 168–212; Bert F. Hoselitz, Sociological Aspects of Economic Growth (New York, 1960), pp. 163–72

Norman Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages (London, 1984 ed.) pp. 107–16

Euan Cameron, ‘The Power of the Word: Renaissance and Reformation’, in Cameron, Early Modern Europe, pp. 87–90

Richard Marius, Martin Luther: The Christian between God and Death (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1999), pp. 73–74, 214–15, 486–87

Joshua Mitchell, Not By Reason Alone: History and Identity in Early Modern Political Thought (Chicago, 1993), pp. 23–30

Martin Luther, ‘Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed’, trans. J. J. Schindel, revised by Walther I. Brandt in J. M. Porter, ed., Luther: Selected Political Writings (SPW) (Eugene, Oreg., 2003), p. 54

Ibid., p. 55

Ibid.

Ibid., p. 56

Martin Luther, ‘Whether Soldiers, Too, Can Be Saved’, trans. Charles M. Jacobs, revised by Robert C. Schultz in SPW, p. 108

J. W. Allen, A History of Political Thought in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1928), p. 16; Sheldon S. Wolin, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought (Boston, 1960), p. 164

Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, pp. 245–50

Martin Luther, ‘Admonition to Peace: A Reply to the Twelve Articles of the Peasants in Swabia’ (1525), trans. J. J. Schindel, revised by Walther I. Brandt, in SPW, p. 72

Ibid., p. 78

Ibid., p. 82

Martin Luther, ‘Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants’ (1525), trans. Charles M. Jacobs, revised by Robert C. Schultz in SPW, p. 86

Steven Ozment, The Reformation of the Cities: The Appeal of Protestantism to Sixteenth Century Germany and Switzerland (New Haven, 1975), pp. 10–11, 123–25, 148–50

Charles A. McDaniel, Jr., ‘Violent Yearnings for the Kingdom of God: Münster’s Militant Anabaptism’, in James K. Wellman, ed., Belief and Bloodshed: Religion and Violence across Time and Tradition (Lanham, Md., 2007), p. 74. Социальная опасность сохранялась, хотя в последние дни мюнстерских анабаптистов их вождь Иоанн Лейденский стал называть себя королем, устроил псевдоимперский двор и прибегал к крутым мерам.

Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, pp. 255–79

Я подробно обсуждала это в книге: The Case for God (London and New York, 2009) (Армстронг К. Биография Бога. Все, что человечество успело узнать. – М.: Эксмо, 2012.). См. также: Wilfred Cantwell Smith, The Meaning and End of Religion: A New Approach to the Religious Traditions of Mankind (New York, 1962); Belief in History (Charlottesville, Va., 1985); Faith and Belief (Princeton, NJ, 1987)

William T. Cavanaugh, The Myth of Religious Violence (Oxford, 2009), pp. 72–74

Thomas More, A Dialogue Concerning Heresies, ed. Thomas M. C. Lawlor (New Haven, 1981), p. 416

François-André Isambert, ed., Recueil général des anciennes lois françaises depuis l’an 420 jusqu’à la Révolution de 1789 (Paris, 1821–33), 12, p. 819

Brad S. Gregory, Salvation at Stake: Christian Martyrdom in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1999), p. 201

Raymund F. Mentzer, Heresy Proceedings in Languedoc, 1500–1560 (Philadelphia, 1984), p. 172

Philip Spierenberg, The Spectacle of Suffering: Executions and the Evolution of Repression: From a Pre-Industrial Metropolis to the European Experience (Cambridge, UK, 1984); Lionello Puppi, Torment in Art: Pain, Violence and Martyrdom (New York, 1991), pp. 11–69

Gregory, Salvation at Stake, pp. 77–79

David Nicholls, ‘The Theatre of Martyrdom in the French Reformation’, Past and Present, 121 (1998); Susan Brigdon, London and the Reformation (Oxford, 1989), p. 607; Mentzer, Heresy Proceedings, p. 71

Gregory, Salvation at Stake, pp. 80–81

Втор. 13:1–3, 5, 6–11 цитируется Иоганном Экком в «Учебнике общих положений» (1525), а также Кальвином в оправдание казни антитринитария Мигеля Сервета

Gregory, Salvation at Stake, pp. 84–87

Ibid., pp. 111, 154

Ibid., pp. 261–69

Allen, Apologie of the English College (Douai, 1581); Gregory, Salvation at Stake, p. 283

Gregory, Salvation at Stake, pp. 285–86

Kamen, Spanish Inquisition, pp. 204–13

Ibid., p. 203

Ibid., p. 98

Ibid., pp. 223–45

Ibid.

Cavanaugh, Myth of Religious Violence, p. 122

J. V. Poliskensky, War and Society in Europe, 1618–1848 (Cambridge, 1978), pp. 77, 154, 217

Cavanaugh, Myth of Religious Violence, pp. 142–55

Richard S. Dunn, The Age of Religious Wars, 1559–1689 (New York, 1970), p. 6 (Данн Р. Эпоха религиозных войн. – М.: Центрополиграф, 2011.); James D. Tracy, Charles V, Impresario of War: Campaign Strategy, International Finance, and Domestic Politics (Cambridge, 2002), pp. 45–47, 306

William Blockmans, Emperor Charles V, 1500–1558 (London and New York, 2002), pp. 95, 110; William Maltby, The Reign of Charles V (New York, 2002), pp. 112–13

Tracy, Charles V, p. 307; Blockmans, Emperor Charles V, p. 47

Klaus Jaitner, ‘The Pope and the Struggle for Power during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’, in Klaus Bussman and Heinz Schilling, eds, War and Peace in Europe, 3 vols (Münster, 1998), 1, p. 62

Maltby, Reign of Charles V, p. 62; Tracy, Charles V, pp. 209–15

Tracy, Charles V, pp. 32–34; 46