Карен Армстронг - Поля крови. Религия и история насилия

Thomas L. Friedman, ‘Allies’, New York Times, 7 June 1995

Cook, Understanding Jihad, pp. 119–21

Mahmoun Fandy, Saudi Arabia and the Politics of Dissent (New York, 1999), p. 183

Kepel, Jihad, pp. 223–26

Cook, Understanding Jihad, pp. 135–36; Marc Sageman, Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century (Philadelphia, 2008), pp. 44–46; Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 118–35

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 229

Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 7–8

Esposito, Unholy War, p. 14

Ibid., pp. 6, 8

Kepel, Jihad, pp. 13–14

Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 161–64; DeLong-Bas, Wahhabi Islam, pp. 276–77

Esposito, Unholy War, pp. 21–22; Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 175–76

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 102–03

Osama bin Laden, ‘Hunting the Enemy’; Esposito, Unholy War, p. 24

Burke, Al-Qaeda, p. 163

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 133–41

Ibid., p. 133

Ibid., p. 134.

Matthew Purdy and Lowell Bergman, ‘Where the Trail Led: Between Evidence and Suspicion; Unclear Danger: Inside the Lackawanna Terror Case’, New York Times, 12 October 2003

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 150; Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, p. 81

Cook, Understanding Jihad, pp. 136–41

Abu Daud, Sunan (Beirut, 1988), 3, p. 108, no. 4297; trans. Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 137

Коран 2:249; Burke, Al-Qaeda, pp. 24–25

Коран 2:194; Communiqué from Qaidat al-Jihad, 24 April 2002; Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 178

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 81–82

Marc Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks (Philadelphia, 2004), pp. 103–08

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 59–60

Ibid., p. 28

Ibid., p. 57

Timothy McDermott, Perfect Soldiers. The 9 / 11 Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It (New York, 2005), p. 65

Fraser Egerton, Jihad in the West: The Rise of Militant Salafism (Cambridge, UK, 2011), pp. 155–56

Sageman, Understanding Terror Networks, p. 105

Antony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge, UK, 1991), p. 53

Osama bin Laden, ‘Hunting the Enemy’, in Esposito, Unholy War, p. 23

Andrew Sullivan, ‘This Is a Religious War’, New York Times Magazine, 7 October 2001

William T. Cavanaugh, The Myth of Religious Violence (Oxford, 2009), p. 204

Emanuel Sivan, Arab Historiography of the Crusades (Tel Aviv, 1973)

Hegghammer, Jihad in Saudi Arabia, pp. 104–05

См. перевод текста в: Bruce Lincoln, Holy Terrors: Thinking about Religion after September 11, 2nd ed. (Chicago, 2006), Appendix A, ‘Final Instructions to the Hijackers of September, 11, Found in the Luggage of Muhammad Atta and Two Other Copies’. Найдены были еще две копии: в машине одного из террористов, в которой тот ехал, прежде чем воспользоваться рейсом 77 American Airlines на Вашингтон, и в Пенсильвании на месте падения самолета, следовавшего рейсом 93 United Airlines.

См., напр., пункты 10, 24 и 30 «последних инструкций» в: Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 98, 100–101

Ibid., пункт 1; Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 97

См… Cook, Understanding Jihad, Appendix 6, p. 196; Lincoln, p. 97

См. пункт 14 в: Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 197; Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 98

См. пункт 16 в: Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 197

Ibid., Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 200

Ibid.

Ibid., p. 201

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 234, прим. 37

Коран 3:173–174

Cook, Understanding Jihad, Appendix 6, p. 198

Ibid., p. 201

Louis Atiyat Allah, ‘Moments Before the Crash, By the Lord of the 19’ (22 January 2003), ibid., Appendix 7, p. 203

Ibid., p. 207

Ibid.

Ibid.

Osama bin Laden, videotaped address, 7 October 2001, Appendix C in Lincoln, Holy Terrors, p. 106, para. 1

Hamid Mir, ‘Osama claims he has nukes. If US uses N. Arms it will get the same response’, Dawn: The Internet Edition, 10 November 2001

Ibid., paras 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, in Lincoln, Holy Terrors, pp. 106–07

‘George W. Bush, Address to the Nation, October 7th, 2001’, Appendix B, in ibid.

Remarks by the President at the Islamic Centre of Washington DC, 17 September 2001, http:/usinfo.state.gov/islam/50917016.htm

‘George W. Bush, Address to the Nation’, p. 104

Paul Rogers, ‘The Global War on Terror and its Impact on the Conduct of War’, in George Kassimeris, The Barbarisation of Warfare (London, 2006), p. 188

Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 157. Кук комментирует: «К сожалению, в свете того, что мы узнали о тюрьме Абу-Грейб весной 2004 г., этот рассказ не столь неправдоподобен, как может показаться»

Anthony Dworkin, ‘The Laws of War in the Age of Asymmetric Conflict’, in Kassimeris, Barbarisation of Warfare, pp. 220, 233

Joanna Bourke, ‘Barbarisation vs. Civilisation in Time of War’, in ibid., p. 37

Dworkin, ‘Laws of War’, p. 220

Rogers, ‘Global War on Terror’, p. 192

The Guardian, Datablog, 12 April 2013. ООН начала сообщать статистику потерь среди гражданского населения с 2007 г.

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 136–37

White House press release, ‘President Discusses the Future of Iraq’, 26 February 2003

White House press release, ‘President Bush Saluting Veterans at White House Ceremony’, 11 November 2002

Timothy H. Parsons, The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why They Always Fail (Oxford, 2010), pp. 423–50

Bruce Lincoln, Religion, Empire, and Torture: The Case of Achaemenian Persia, with a Postscript on Abu Ghraib (Chicago and London, 2007), pp. 97–99

Ibid., pp. 97–98

Лк. 4:18–19

Lincoln, Religion, Empire and Torture, pp. 101–07

Ibid., pp. 102–03

Susan Sontag, ‘What Have We Done? ’ Guardian, 24 May 2005

Lincoln, Religion, Empire and Torture, pp. 101–02

Parsons, The Rule of Empires, pp. 423–34

Bashir, Friday Prayers, Umm al-Oura, Baghdad, 11 June 2004 in Edward Coy, ‘Iraqis Put Contempt for Troops on Display’, Washington Post, 12 June 2004; Kassimeris, ‘Barbarisation of Warfare’, p. 16

Rogers, ‘Global War on Terror’, pp. 193–94

Dworkin, ‘Laws of War’, p. 253

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 139–42

Ibid., pp. 31–32

Michael Bonner, Jihad in Islamic History (Princeton and Oxford, 2006), p. 164

Sageman, Leaderless Jihad, pp. 156–57

Ibid., p. 159.

John L. Esposito and Dahlia Mogahed, Who Speaks for Islam? What a Billion Muslims Really Think; Based on Gallup’s World Poll – the largest study of its kind (New York, 2007), pp. 69–70

Цит. по: Joos R. Hiltermann, A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq and the Gassing of Halabja (Cambridge, UK, 2007), p. 243

Naureen Shah, ‘Time for the Truth about “targeted killings” ’, Guardian, 22 October 2013

Rafiq ur Rehman, ‘Please tell me, Mr President, why a US drone assassinated my mother’; theguardian.com, 25 October 2013

Коран 29:46. Есть и другие подобные отрывки.

Коран 22:40.

Еще один фактор: господство ваххабитских идей, которые пропагандировались в исламском мире при молчаливом потворстве Соединенных Штатов.

John Fowles, The Magus, revised edition (London, 1987), p. 413.