Карен Армстронг - Поля крови. Религия и история насилия

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Willem M. Floor, ‘The Revolutionary Character of the Ulama: Wishful Thinking or Reality’, in Keddie, ed. Religion and Politics in Iran, Appendix, p. 97

Хамид Алгар. «Смешение мистического и политического в личности и судьбе имама Хомейни»: лекция, прочитанная в Школе востоковедения и африканистики Лондонского университета (Лондон, 9 июня 1998 г.).

John XXIII, Mater et Magistra, ‘Christianity and Social Progress’, in Claudia Carlen, ed., The Papal Encyclicals, 1740–1981, 5 vols (Falls Church, Va., 1981), 5, pp. 63–64

Camilo Torres, ‘Latin America: Lands of Violence’, in J. Gerassi, ed., Revolutionary Priest: The Complete Writings and Messages of Camilo Torres (New York, 1971), pp. 422–23

Thia Cooper, ‘Liberation Theology and the Spiral of Violence’, in Andrew R. Murphy, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence (Chichester, UK, 2011), pp. 543–55

Andrew Preston, Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy (New York, 2012), pp. 502–2

Ibid., p. 510

Martin Luther King, Jr., Strength to Love (Philadelphia, 1963), p. 50

Keddie, Roots of Revolution, pp. 282–83; Borujerdi, Iranian Intellectuals, pp. 29–42

Akhavi, Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran, pp. 129–31

Algar, ‘Oppositional Role of the Ulema’, p. 251

Keddie, Roots of Revolution, pp. 215–59; Sharough Akhavi, ‘Shariati’s Social Thought’, in Keddie, Religion and Politics in Iran; Abdulaziz Sachedina, ‘Ali Shariati: Ideologue of the Islamic Revolution, ’ in Esposito, ed., Voices of Resurgent Islam; Michael J. Fischer, Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution (Cambridge, Mass., and London, 1980), pp. 154–67; Borujerdi, Iranian Intellectuals, pp. 106–15

Sayeed Ruhollah Khomeini, Islam and Revolution, trans. and ed. Hamid Algar (Berkeley, 1981), p. 28

Keddie, Roots of Revolution, p. 242; Fischer, Iran, p. 193

Gary Sick, All Fall Down: America’s Fateful Encounter with Iran (London, 1985), p. 30

Keddie, Roots of Revolution, p. 243

Fischer, Iran, p. 195

Momen, Introduction to Shii Islam, p. 288

Fischer, Iran, p. 184

Momen, Introduction to Shii Islam, p. 288

Fischer, Iran, pp. 198–99

Ibid., p. 199; Sick, All Fall Down, p. 51; Keddie, Roots of Revolution, p. 250. По правительственным сводкам, погибло лишь 120 демонстрантов, а 2000 получили ранения. Другие источники называют цифру от 500 до 1000 погибших.

Fischer, Iran, p. 204

Ibid., p. 205; Keddie (Roots of Revolution, pp. 252–53), однако, считает, что участвовало около миллиона человек.

Amir Taheri, The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution (London, 1985), p. 227

Baqir Moin, Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah (London, 1999), pp. 227–28

Daniel Brumberg, ‘Khomeini’s Legacy: Islamic Rule and Islamic Social Justice’, in R. Scott Appleby, ed., Spokesmen for the Despised: Fundamentalist Leaders of the Middle East (Chicago, 1997)

Joos R. Hiltermann, A Poisonous Affair: America, Iraq and the Gassing of Halabja (Cambridge, 2007), pp. 22–36

Homa Katouzian, ‘Shiism and Islamic Economics: Sadr and Bani Sadr’, in Keddie, ed., Religion and Politics in Iran, pp. 161–62.

Michael J. Fischer, ‘Imam Khomeini: Four Levels of Understanding’, in Esposito, ed., Voices of Resurgent Islam, p. 171

Sick, All Fall Down, p. 165

Hannah Arendt, On Revolution (New York, 1963), p. 18 (Арендт Х. О революции. – М.: Европа, 2011.)

Kautsky, Political Consequences of Modernisation, pp. 60–127.

William Beeman, ‘Images of the Great Satan: Representations of the United States in the Iranian Revolution’, in Keddie, ed., Religion and Politics in Iran, p. 215

Rebecca Moore, ‘Narratives of Persecution, Suffering and Martyrdom: Violence in the People’s Temple and Jonestown’, in James R. Lewis, ed., Violence and New Religious Movements (Oxford, 2011); Moore, ‘America as Cherry-Pie: The People’s Temple and Violence’, in Catherine Wessinger, ed., Millennialism, Persecution and Violence: Historical Circumstances (Syracuse, NY, 1986); Wessinger, How the Millennium Comes Violently: Jonestown to Heaven’s Gate (New York, 2000); Mary Maaga, Hearing the Voices of Jonestown (Syracuse, NY, 1998)

Moore, ‘Narratives of Persecution’, p. 102

Ibid., p. 103

Huey Newton, Revolutionary Suicide (New York, 1973) (Ньютон Х. Революционное самоубийство. – Екатеринбург: Ультракультура, 2003.)

Moore, ‘Narratives of Persecution’, p. 106

Ibid., p. 108

Ibid., p. 110

George Steiner, In Bluebeard’s Castle: Some Notes toward the Re-definition of Culture (New Haven, Conn., 1971), p. 3

Zygmunt Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (Ithaca, NY, 1989), pp. 77–92

Joanna Bourke, ‘Barbarisation vs. Civilisation in Time of War’, in George Kassimeris, ed., The Barbarisation of Warfare (London, 2006), p. 26

Amir Taheri, The Spirit of Allah: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution (London, 1985), p. 85

Michael Barkun, Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement (Chapel Hill, 1994)

Ibid., pp. 107, 109; возможно, всего лишь 50 тысяч членов.

Ibid., p. 213

William T. Cavanaugh, The Myth of Religious Violence (Oxford, 2009), pp. 34–35

C. Gearty, ‘Introduction’, in Gearty, ed., Terrorism (Aldershot, 1996), p. xi

C. Gearty, ‘What is Terror? ’ in Gearty, Terrorism, p. 495; A. Guelke, The Age of Terrorism and the International Political System (London, 2008), p. 7

Richard English, Terrorism: How to Respond (Oxford, 2009), pp. 19–20

A. H. Kydd and B. F. Walter, ‘The Stratagems of Terrorism’, International Security, 31, 1 (Summer, 2006)

P. Wilkinson, Terrorism versus Democracy: The Liberal State Response (London, 2001), pp. 19, 41; Mark Juergensmeyer, Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence (Berkeley, 2001), p. 5; J. Horgan, The Psychology of Terrorism (London, 2005), p. 12; English, Terrorism, p. 6

Hugo Slim, ‘Why Protect Civilians? Innocence, Immunity and Enmity in War’, International Affairs, 79, 3 (2003)

Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (London, 1998), p. 14 (Хоффман Б. Терроризм – взгляд изнутри. – Екатеринбург: Ультракультура, 2003.); C. C. Harmon, Terrorism Today (London, 2008), p. 7; D. J. Whittaker, ed., The Terrorist Reader (London, 2001), p. 9.

Harmon, Terrorism Today, p. 160

Martha Crenshaw, ‘Reflections on the Effects of Terrorism’, in M. Crenshaw, ed., Terrorism, Legitimacy, and Power: The Consequences of Political Violence (Middletown, Conn., 1983), p. 25

Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion (London, 2007), p. 132 (Докинз Р. Бог как иллюзия. – М.: КоЛибри, 2015.)

Cavanaugh, Myth of Religious Violence, pp. 24–54

Muhammad Heikal, Autumn of Fury: The Assassination of Sadat (London, 1984), pp. 94–96.

Gilles Kepel, The Prophet and Pharaoh: Muslim Extremism in Egypt, trans. Jon Rothschild (London, 1985), p. 85

Fedwa El Guindy, ‘The Killing of Sadat and After: A Current Assessment of Egypt’s Islamic Movement’, Middle East Insight 2 (January – February 1982).

Kepel, Prophet and Pharaoh, pp. 70–102

Ibid., pp. 152–59

Ibid., pp. 158–59

Patrick D. Gaffney, The Prophet’s Pulpit: Islamic Preaching in Contemporary Egypt (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1994), pp. 97–101

Heikal, Autumn of Fury, pp. 118–19

Ibid., pp. 141–42

Johannes J. G. Jansen, The Neglected Duty: The Creed of Sadat’s Assassins and Islamic Resurgence in the Middle East (New York and London, 1988), pp. 49–88

Ibid., p. 169

Ibid., p. 166

Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Islam in Modern History (Princeton and London, 1957), p. 241

Ibid., pp. 90, 198

Ibid., pp. 90, 198, 201–02

English, Terrorism, p. 51

Abdulaziz A. Sachedina, ‘Activist Shi’ism in Iran, Iraq and Lebanon’, in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds, Fundamentalisms Observed (Chicago and London, 1991), p. 456

Alastair Crooke, Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution (London, 2009), p. 173

Martin Kramer, ‘Hizbollah: The Calculus of Jihad’, in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds, Fundamentalisms and the State (Chicago and London, 1993), pp. 540–41

Sheikh Muhammad Fadl Allah, Al-Islam wa Muntiq al Quwwa (Beirut, 1976); trans. Crooke, Resistance, p. 173

Kramer, ‘Hizbollah’, p. 542

Sachedina, ‘Activist Shi’ism’, p. 448

Интервью с Фадл-аллахом газете «Кайхан» (14 ноября 1985 г.); см.: Kramer, ‘Hizbollah’, p. 551

Выступление Фадл-аллаха в газете «Аль-Нахар» (14 мая 1985 г.); см.: Kramer, ‘Hizbollah’, p. 550

Kramer, ‘Hizbollah’, pp. 548–49; Ariel Meroni, ‘The Readiness to Kill or Die: Suicide Terrorism in the Middle East’, in Walter Reich, ed., The Origins of Terrorism (Cambridge, UK, 1990), pp. 204–05

Crooke, Resistance, pp. 175–76

Интервью Фадл-аллаха газете «Аль-Шира» (18 марта 1985 г.); Kramer, ‘Hizbollah’, pp. 552–53